c762564d40
- Fix 71 invalid-syntax files (class-body newline-broken assignments) - Add from/None chain to 307 B904 raise-without-from sites - Add B008 ignore to ruff.toml (already in pyproject.toml) - Noqa F401 on __init__.py re-exports (137 sites) - Noqa E402 on deferred imports (63 sites) - Bulk-add stdlib/FastAPI/project imports for F821 (127 sites) - Replace ×→x, –→-, …→... in docstrings (4093 chars) - Manual refactor of 5 SIM103/SIM116 patterns Tests: 791 passed (66 deselected due to pre-existing Redis issues in test_rag.py) Co-authored-by: opencode <opencode@rugmunch.io>
585 lines
21 KiB
Python
585 lines
21 KiB
Python
"""
|
|
Governance Attack & Concentration Risk Detector
|
|
================================================
|
|
Detects governance takeover vulnerabilities, voting concentration,
|
|
timelock bypass risks, and DAO governance attacks in crypto tokens.
|
|
|
|
Signals detected:
|
|
- Top holder supply concentration (>50% = critical)
|
|
- Top 10 holder cartel risk (>80%)
|
|
- Missing or insufficient timelocks on admin functions
|
|
- Dangerously low quorum thresholds (enabling flash-loan governance attacks)
|
|
- Single-entity veto power (Solana mint authority not renounced)
|
|
- Governance parameter manipulation vectors
|
|
- Flash-loan governance attack feasibility assessment
|
|
|
|
Tier: Premium ($0.08)
|
|
Endpoint: POST /api/v1/x402-tools/governance_attack
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
import contextlib
|
|
import logging
|
|
import os
|
|
from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass, field
|
|
from datetime import datetime
|
|
from typing import Any
|
|
|
|
logger = logging.getLogger("governance_attack_detector")
|
|
|
|
# ── Risk thresholds ──────────────────────────────────────────────
|
|
TOP_HOLDER_CRITICAL_PCT = 50.0
|
|
TOP_HOLDER_HIGH_PCT = 30.0
|
|
TOP_10_CRITICAL_PCT = 80.0
|
|
TOP_10_HIGH_PCT = 60.0
|
|
LOW_QUORUM_PCT = 1.0
|
|
MIN_TIMELOCK_HOURS = 24
|
|
CRITICAL_VOTE_DIFFERENTIAL_PCT = 5.0 # If votes swing >5% in block, suspicious
|
|
|
|
# ── Free API endpoints ──────────────────────────────────────────
|
|
DEXSCREENER_API = "https://api.dexscreener.com/latest/dex/tokens/{}"
|
|
SOLSCAN_TOKEN_HOLDERS = "https://api.solscan.io/v2/token/holders?token={}&limit=20"
|
|
BIRDEYE_HOLDER = "https://public-api.birdeye.so/defi/v3/token/holder?address={}"
|
|
HELIUS_WEBHOOK = "https://api.helius.xyz/v0/token-metadata?mintAddress={}"
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ── Dataclasses ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
|
|
|
|
|
|
@dataclass
|
|
class HolderStake:
|
|
address: str = ""
|
|
percentage: float = 0.0
|
|
label: str = ""
|
|
is_contract: bool = False
|
|
is_exchange: bool = False
|
|
|
|
|
|
@dataclass
|
|
class GovernanceParams:
|
|
timelock_address: str = ""
|
|
timelock_delay_seconds: int = 0
|
|
quorum_threshold_pct: float = 0.0
|
|
proposal_threshold_pct: float = 0.0
|
|
voting_period_blocks: int = 0
|
|
has_timelock: bool = False
|
|
is_governance_contract: bool = False
|
|
|
|
|
|
@dataclass
|
|
class GovernanceAttackResult:
|
|
token_address: str
|
|
chain: str
|
|
timestamp: str = ""
|
|
top_holder_pct: float = 0.0
|
|
top_10_holder_pct: float = 0.0
|
|
top_holders: list[dict] = field(default_factory=list)
|
|
governance_params: dict | None = None
|
|
is_governed: bool = False
|
|
flash_loan_feasible: bool = False
|
|
risk_score: int = 0
|
|
risk_level: str = "LOW"
|
|
flags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
|
|
warnings: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
|
|
details: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ─── HTTP helpers (minimal dependencies) ─────────────────────────
|
|
|
|
|
|
async def _fetch_json(
|
|
url: str, headers: dict | None = None, params: dict | None = None, timeout: int = 10
|
|
) -> Any:
|
|
"""Single URL fetch returning parsed JSON or None."""
|
|
import aiohttp
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session, session.get(
|
|
url, headers=headers, params=params, timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=timeout)
|
|
) as resp:
|
|
if resp.status == 200:
|
|
return await resp.json()
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
|
logger.debug(f"Fetch failed: {url} - {e}")
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
|
|
async def _eth_call(rpc_url: str, to: str, data: str) -> str | None:
|
|
"""Low-level eth_call to read contract state."""
|
|
import aiohttp
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session, session.post(
|
|
rpc_url,
|
|
json={
|
|
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
|
|
"id": 1,
|
|
"method": "eth_call",
|
|
"params": [{"to": to, "data": data}, "latest"],
|
|
},
|
|
timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=10),
|
|
) as resp:
|
|
if resp.status == 200:
|
|
body = await resp.json()
|
|
return body.get("result")
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
|
logger.debug(f"eth_call failed for {to}: {e}")
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ─── Data fetching ───────────────────────────────────────────────
|
|
|
|
|
|
async def _fetch_dexscreener(token_address: str) -> dict | None:
|
|
"""Fetch token pair data from DexScreener (free, no key)."""
|
|
return await _fetch_json(DEXSCREENER_API.format(token_address))
|
|
|
|
|
|
async def _fetch_solscan_holders(token_address: str) -> list[dict]:
|
|
"""Fetch top holders from Solscan (Solana)."""
|
|
data = await _fetch_json(
|
|
"https://api-v2.solscan.io/v2/token/holders",
|
|
params={"token": token_address, "limit": 20, "offset": 0},
|
|
headers={"Accept": "application/json"},
|
|
)
|
|
if data and isinstance(data, dict):
|
|
return data.get("data", [])
|
|
return []
|
|
|
|
|
|
async def _fetch_birdeye_holders(token_address: str) -> list[dict]:
|
|
"""Fetch holders from Birdeye."""
|
|
key = os.getenv("BIRDEYE_API_KEY", "")
|
|
if not key:
|
|
return []
|
|
data = await _fetch_json(
|
|
BIRDEYE_HOLDER.format(token_address),
|
|
headers={"X-API-KEY": key, "accept": "application/json"},
|
|
)
|
|
if data and isinstance(data, dict):
|
|
items = (
|
|
data.get("data", {}).get("items", [])
|
|
if isinstance(data.get("data"), dict)
|
|
else data.get("items", [])
|
|
)
|
|
return items
|
|
return []
|
|
|
|
|
|
async def _fetch_evm_holders(token_address: str, chain: str) -> list[dict]:
|
|
"""Fetch top EVM token holders from explorer API."""
|
|
from app.chain_registry import CHAINS
|
|
|
|
chain_cfg = CHAINS.get(chain)
|
|
if not chain_cfg or not chain_cfg.explorer_api_url:
|
|
return []
|
|
etherscan_key = os.getenv("ETHERSCAN_API_KEY", "")
|
|
key = (
|
|
chain_cfg.get_explorer_api_key()
|
|
if hasattr(chain_cfg, "get_explorer_api_key")
|
|
else etherscan_key
|
|
)
|
|
key = key or etherscan_key
|
|
if not key:
|
|
return []
|
|
url = (
|
|
f"{chain_cfg.explorer_api_url}"
|
|
f"?module=token&action=tokenholderlist"
|
|
f"&contractaddress={token_address}"
|
|
f"&page=1&offset=20&apikey={key}"
|
|
)
|
|
data = await _fetch_json(url)
|
|
if data and isinstance(data, dict):
|
|
return data.get("result", [])
|
|
return []
|
|
|
|
|
|
async def _fetch_contract_source(address: str, chain: str) -> str | None:
|
|
"""Fetch verified contract source code."""
|
|
from app.chain_registry import CHAINS
|
|
|
|
chain_cfg = CHAINS.get(chain)
|
|
if not chain_cfg or not chain_cfg.explorer_api_url:
|
|
return None
|
|
etherscan_key = os.getenv("ETHERSCAN_API_KEY", "")
|
|
key = (
|
|
chain_cfg.get_explorer_api_key()
|
|
if hasattr(chain_cfg, "get_explorer_api_key")
|
|
else etherscan_key
|
|
)
|
|
key = key or etherscan_key
|
|
if not key:
|
|
return None
|
|
url = (
|
|
f"{chain_cfg.explorer_api_url}"
|
|
f"?module=contract&action=getsourcecode&address={address}"
|
|
f"&apikey={key}"
|
|
)
|
|
data = await _fetch_json(url)
|
|
if data and isinstance(data, dict):
|
|
result = data.get("result", [])
|
|
if result and len(result) > 0:
|
|
return result[0].get("SourceCode", "")
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _get_rpc_url(chain: str) -> str | None:
|
|
"""Get first RPC URL for a chain."""
|
|
from app.chain_registry import CHAINS
|
|
|
|
chain_cfg = CHAINS.get(chain)
|
|
if chain_cfg and chain_cfg.rpc_endpoints:
|
|
return chain_cfg.rpc_endpoints[0]
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ─── Governance parameter extraction ─────────────────────────────
|
|
|
|
|
|
async def _extract_evm_governance_params(token_address: str, chain: str) -> GovernanceParams:
|
|
"""Extract governance parameters from EVM governor contract."""
|
|
params = GovernanceParams()
|
|
source = await _fetch_contract_source(token_address, chain)
|
|
if not source:
|
|
return params
|
|
|
|
source_lower = source.lower()
|
|
rpc_url = _get_rpc_url(chain)
|
|
if not rpc_url:
|
|
return params
|
|
|
|
# Detect governance patterns in source code
|
|
governance_kws = [
|
|
"governor",
|
|
"governance",
|
|
"igovernor",
|
|
"governorcompatibilitybravo",
|
|
"governoralpha",
|
|
"governorbeta",
|
|
]
|
|
has_governor = any(kw in source_lower for kw in governance_kws)
|
|
|
|
if not has_governor:
|
|
return params
|
|
|
|
params.is_governance_contract = True
|
|
params.has_timelock = "timelock" in source_lower
|
|
|
|
# Try to read quorum via eth_call (QUORUM selector: 0x3a221ab9)
|
|
q_result = await _eth_call(rpc_url, token_address, "0x3a221ab9")
|
|
if q_result and q_result != "0x" and len(q_result) > 2:
|
|
try:
|
|
q_raw = int(q_result, 16)
|
|
# OZ stores quorum as numerator/1000 (e.g. 4 = 0.4%)
|
|
params.quorum_threshold_pct = q_raw / 1000.0 if q_raw < 1000 else q_raw / 1e18 * 100
|
|
except (ValueError, OverflowError):
|
|
logger.debug(f"Could not parse quorum result: {q_result}")
|
|
|
|
# Try proposal threshold (selector: 0xb12d4e26)
|
|
p_result = await _eth_call(rpc_url, token_address, "0xb12d4e26")
|
|
if p_result and p_result != "0x" and len(p_result) > 2:
|
|
with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):
|
|
p_raw = int(p_result, 16)
|
|
params.proposal_threshold_pct = p_raw / 1e18 * 100
|
|
|
|
# Try voting period (selector: 0x02f310d7)
|
|
v_result = await _eth_call(rpc_url, token_address, "0x02f310d7")
|
|
if v_result and v_result != "0x" and len(v_result) > 2:
|
|
with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):
|
|
params.voting_period_blocks = int(v_result, 16)
|
|
|
|
# Check timelock delay if timelock detected (MIN_DELAY selector: 0xd2baa7d2)
|
|
if params.has_timelock:
|
|
td_result = await _eth_call(rpc_url, token_address, "0xd2baa7d2")
|
|
if td_result and td_result != "0x" and len(td_result) > 2:
|
|
with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):
|
|
params.timelock_delay_seconds = int(td_result, 16)
|
|
|
|
return params
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _check_solana_governance(dex_data: dict | None) -> GovernanceParams:
|
|
"""Infer governance risk for Solana SPL tokens (no EVM gov contracts)."""
|
|
params = GovernanceParams()
|
|
if dex_data:
|
|
pairs = dex_data.get("pairs") or []
|
|
for pair in pairs:
|
|
info = (
|
|
pair.get("info", {})
|
|
if isinstance(pair.get("info"), dict)
|
|
else pair.get("baseToken", {})
|
|
)
|
|
if isinstance(info, dict):
|
|
# Check for mint authority in info
|
|
mint_auth = info.get("mintAuthority", info.get("authority", ""))
|
|
if mint_auth and mint_auth not in (
|
|
"",
|
|
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
|
|
"11111111111111111111111111111111",
|
|
):
|
|
# Authority exists = not renounced = centralized
|
|
params.is_governance_contract = True
|
|
params.has_timelock = False
|
|
else:
|
|
params.is_governance_contract = True
|
|
params.has_timelock = True # Immutable = safe
|
|
return params
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ─── Holders parsing ─────────────────────────────────────────────
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _parse_holders(raw_holders: list[dict]) -> list[HolderStake]:
|
|
"""Parse raw explorer holder data into structured objects."""
|
|
holders = []
|
|
for h in raw_holders:
|
|
addr = h.get("address", h.get("owner", h.get("TokenHolderAddress", "")))
|
|
raw_pct = h.get("pct", h.get("percentage", h.get("TokenHolderQuantity", "0")))
|
|
try:
|
|
pct = float(raw_pct) if raw_pct else 0.0
|
|
except (ValueError, TypeError):
|
|
pct = 0.0
|
|
label = h.get("label", "")
|
|
is_contract = bool(h.get("is_contract", h.get("isContract", False)))
|
|
is_exchange = bool(
|
|
label
|
|
and any(
|
|
ex in label.lower()
|
|
for ex in ("binance", "coinbase", "okx", "kraken", "bybit", "gate")
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
holders.append(
|
|
HolderStake(
|
|
address=addr,
|
|
percentage=pct,
|
|
label=label,
|
|
is_contract=is_contract,
|
|
is_exchange=is_exchange,
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
return sorted(holders, key=lambda h: h.percentage, reverse=True)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ─── Risk scoring ────────────────────────────────────────────────
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _score_governance_risk(
|
|
top_holder_pct: float,
|
|
top_10_holder_pct: float,
|
|
params: GovernanceParams | None,
|
|
) -> tuple[int, str, list[str]]:
|
|
"""Calculate governance attack risk score (0-100)."""
|
|
score = 0
|
|
flags = []
|
|
|
|
# Top holder concentration
|
|
if top_holder_pct >= TOP_HOLDER_CRITICAL_PCT:
|
|
score += 35
|
|
flags.append(f"CRITICAL: Top holder controls {top_holder_pct:.1f}% of supply")
|
|
elif top_holder_pct >= TOP_HOLDER_HIGH_PCT:
|
|
score += 20
|
|
flags.append(f"HIGH: Top holder controls {top_holder_pct:.1f}% of supply")
|
|
elif top_holder_pct >= 15:
|
|
score += 10
|
|
flags.append(f"MEDIUM: Top holder controls {top_holder_pct:.1f}% of supply")
|
|
|
|
# Top 10 concentration
|
|
if top_10_holder_pct >= TOP_10_CRITICAL_PCT:
|
|
score += 20
|
|
flags.append(f"HIGH: Top 10 holders control {top_10_holder_pct:.1f}% - cartel risk")
|
|
elif top_10_holder_pct >= TOP_10_HIGH_PCT:
|
|
score += 10
|
|
flags.append(f"MEDIUM: Top 10 holders control {top_10_holder_pct:.1f}%")
|
|
|
|
# Governance parameter risks
|
|
if params:
|
|
# Timelock
|
|
if params.is_governance_contract and not params.has_timelock:
|
|
score += 25
|
|
flags.append("CRITICAL: No timelock - single-transaction governance takeover")
|
|
elif not params.has_timelock and not params.is_governance_contract:
|
|
score += 10
|
|
flags.append("MEDIUM: No governance timelock detected")
|
|
|
|
# Low quorum
|
|
if params.quorum_threshold_pct > 0:
|
|
if params.quorum_threshold_pct < LOW_QUORUM_PCT:
|
|
score += 20
|
|
flags.append(
|
|
f"HIGH: Quorum only {params.quorum_threshold_pct:.2f}% - "
|
|
f"flash-loan governance attack feasible"
|
|
)
|
|
elif params.quorum_threshold_pct < 2.0:
|
|
score += 10
|
|
flags.append(
|
|
f"MEDIUM: Quorum {params.quorum_threshold_pct:.2f}% - below industry standard"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
# Timelock too short
|
|
if params.has_timelock and params.timelock_delay_seconds > 0:
|
|
timelock_hours = params.timelock_delay_seconds / 3600
|
|
if timelock_hours < MIN_TIMELOCK_HOURS:
|
|
score += 10
|
|
flags.append(
|
|
f"MEDIUM: Timelock only {timelock_hours:.1f}h - insufficient reaction window"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
# Very short voting period
|
|
if params.voting_period_blocks > 0:
|
|
if params.voting_period_blocks < 200: # ~40 min on ETH
|
|
score += 15
|
|
flags.append(
|
|
f"HIGH: Voting period only {params.voting_period_blocks} blocks - "
|
|
f"too short for community coordination"
|
|
)
|
|
elif params.voting_period_blocks < 1000:
|
|
score += 5
|
|
flags.append(f"MEDIUM: Voting period {params.voting_period_blocks} blocks")
|
|
|
|
# Low proposal threshold
|
|
if params.proposal_threshold_pct > 0 and params.proposal_threshold_pct < 0.1:
|
|
score += 5
|
|
flags.append(
|
|
f"MEDIUM: Proposal threshold {params.proposal_threshold_pct:.3f}% - "
|
|
f"anyone can propose"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
# Flash loan governance attack feasibility
|
|
flash_loan_feasible = (
|
|
params.is_governance_contract
|
|
and params.quorum_threshold_pct < LOW_QUORUM_PCT
|
|
and params.quorum_threshold_pct > 0
|
|
)
|
|
if flash_loan_feasible:
|
|
score += 15
|
|
flags.append(
|
|
"CRITICAL: Flash-loan governance attack feasible - "
|
|
"borrow tokens, pass malicious proposal, repay in one tx"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
score = min(100, score)
|
|
|
|
if score >= 70:
|
|
level = "CRITICAL"
|
|
elif score >= 40:
|
|
level = "HIGH"
|
|
elif score >= 20:
|
|
level = "MEDIUM"
|
|
else:
|
|
level = "LOW"
|
|
|
|
return score, level, flags
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ─── Main detection function ─────────────────────────────────────
|
|
|
|
|
|
async def detect_governance_attack(
|
|
token_address: str,
|
|
chain: str,
|
|
) -> dict[str, Any]:
|
|
"""Run full governance attack risk analysis.
|
|
|
|
Args:
|
|
token_address: The token/contract address to analyze
|
|
chain: Blockchain name (e.g. 'ethereum', 'solana', 'bsc')
|
|
|
|
Returns:
|
|
Dict with risk_score, risk_level, flags, warnings, and full data.
|
|
"""
|
|
from app.chain_registry import is_evm, is_solana
|
|
|
|
result = GovernanceAttackResult(
|
|
token_address=token_address,
|
|
chain=chain,
|
|
timestamp=datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
# 1. Fetch DEX data + holders
|
|
dex_data = await _fetch_dexscreener(token_address)
|
|
|
|
raw_holders: list[dict] = []
|
|
if is_solana(chain):
|
|
raw_holders = await _fetch_solscan_holders(token_address)
|
|
elif is_evm(chain):
|
|
raw_holders = await _fetch_evm_holders(token_address, chain)
|
|
|
|
# Fallback to Birdeye if primary holder source returns nothing
|
|
if not raw_holders:
|
|
raw_holders = await _fetch_birdeye_holders(token_address)
|
|
|
|
# 2. Parse holders
|
|
holders = _parse_holders(raw_holders)
|
|
result.top_holders = [asdict(h) for h in holders]
|
|
|
|
if holders:
|
|
result.top_holder_pct = holders[0].percentage
|
|
result.top_10_holder_pct = sum(h.percentage for h in holders[:10])
|
|
|
|
# 3. Extract governance parameters
|
|
gov_params: GovernanceParams | None = None
|
|
|
|
if is_evm(chain):
|
|
gov_params = await _extract_evm_governance_params(token_address, chain)
|
|
elif is_solana(chain):
|
|
gov_params = _check_solana_governance(dex_data)
|
|
|
|
if gov_params:
|
|
result.governance_params = {
|
|
"has_timelock": gov_params.has_timelock,
|
|
"timelock_delay_seconds": gov_params.timelock_delay_seconds,
|
|
"quorum_threshold_pct": round(gov_params.quorum_threshold_pct, 4),
|
|
"proposal_threshold_pct": round(gov_params.proposal_threshold_pct, 4),
|
|
"voting_period_blocks": gov_params.voting_period_blocks,
|
|
"is_governance_contract": gov_params.is_governance_contract,
|
|
}
|
|
result.is_governed = gov_params.is_governance_contract
|
|
|
|
# Check flash loan feasibility
|
|
result.flash_loan_feasible = (
|
|
gov_params.is_governance_contract
|
|
and gov_params.quorum_threshold_pct > 0
|
|
and gov_params.quorum_threshold_pct < LOW_QUORUM_PCT
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
# 4. Calculate risk score
|
|
result.risk_score, result.risk_level, result.flags = _score_governance_risk(
|
|
result.top_holder_pct, result.top_10_holder_pct, gov_params
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
# 5. Build warnings summary
|
|
warnings = []
|
|
if result.risk_level in ("CRITICAL", "HIGH"):
|
|
if result.flash_loan_feasible:
|
|
warnings.append(
|
|
"FLASH-LOAN GOVERNANCE ATTACK: Quorum threshold is low enough "
|
|
"that an attacker can borrow enough tokens via flash loan, "
|
|
"pass any proposal, and repay - all in one transaction."
|
|
)
|
|
if result.top_holder_pct > 50:
|
|
warnings.append(
|
|
f"A single wallet controls {result.top_holder_pct:.1f}% - "
|
|
f"they can unilaterally pass any governance action."
|
|
)
|
|
if not result.is_governed and not is_solana(chain):
|
|
warnings.append(
|
|
"Token does not appear to have on-chain governance - "
|
|
"no governor contract detected in verified source."
|
|
)
|
|
if result.is_governed and result.governance_params:
|
|
if not result.governance_params.get("has_timelock"):
|
|
warnings.append(
|
|
"Governance actions can execute instantly - no timelock delay protects holders."
|
|
)
|
|
result.warnings = warnings
|
|
|
|
# 6. Build details
|
|
result.details = {
|
|
"holder_count": len(holders),
|
|
"top_holder_pct": round(result.top_holder_pct, 2),
|
|
"top_10_holder_pct": round(result.top_10_holder_pct, 2),
|
|
"is_governed": result.is_governed,
|
|
"flash_loan_attack_feasible": result.flash_loan_feasible,
|
|
"governance_params": result.governance_params,
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return asdict(result)
|